Euro-Global Summit and Expo on Biomass August 08-09, 2016 Birmingham, UK

Biomass is pre-treated and then transformed to synthesis gas via gasification. The resulting syngas is then cleaned preliminary to conversion to liquid biofuels, typically via Fischer Tropsch or the Mobil process. There are two main biomass-based liquid propellant in the market place today, ethanol and biodiesel. Some 20 Mm 3 y -1 of ethanol is produced with an energy content of 425 PJ, manufacturing this the second most important biofuel. A much smaller amount of biodiesel is used in the USA and Europe. Generally a tonne of cane produces between 125 and 140 kg of raw sugar, or between 70 and 80 litres of ethanol, although a tonne of maize, with about 70% to 75% starch content, will produce between 440 and 460 L t -1 with wet and dry corn crushing, respectively.

Agricultural biomass which could be pre-owned for energy production is defined as biomass residues from field agricultural crops and biomass from the concomitant of the processing of agricultural products. In the last decade, the demand for energy wood in Europe increased and experts anticipate a further increase in future due to socio-political changes. The largest renewable propellant used in Europe is wood which can be used in non-identical forms from sticks to pellets to sawdust. In some countries, like Poland and Finland, wood meets more than 80% of renewable-energy demand. Europe consumed 13m tonnes of wood pellets in 2012, corresponding to International wood Markets Group, a Canadian company.

The initial part of supply chain is finding a suitable biomass feedstock. A biofuels supply chain has several components associated through the flow of materials. Components incorporate feedstock production, feedstock logistics, conversion/upgrading and distribution. Materials transform format and characteristics as they move through the supply chain. It starts right from biomass resource harvesting and goes on to comprise biomass collection, processing, storage and eventually its transportation to the point of ultimate utilization. The market, by component, is grouped into software and hardware. Based on delivery mode, the market is categorized into web-based, on-premise, and cloud-based.

Production of energy crops could potentially compete for land with food cropping as demand for biomass increases. Biomass customers may be locked in long-term supply contracts with a single supplier making it difficult to get competitive pricing in the future. Alternative impacts are similar to those covered in the District Heating and Combined Heat and Power pages. The non-destructive pilot market is estimated to be valued at USD 12.98 Billion in 2015 and is projected to outstretch USD 18.88 Billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 7.78% from 2014 to 2020.

Renewable energy is energy that is generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, and various forms of biomass. This energy cannot be exhausted and is constantly renewed. Biomass, is a renewable organic matter, and can include biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms, such as wood, waste, and alcohol fuels.

Energy market dynamics, especially fluctuations in petroleum and natural gas prices, have long affected the profitability of agricultural management. Renewable propellant standard programs originating under the Energy policy Act of 2005 and the Energy ability and Security Act of 2007, the part of U.S corn production supplying the ethanol market has grown from 70.5% in 2001 to 23.2% in 2008. This deviation of corn from export markets has had likely impacts on global food prices. The automotive exhaust after treatment systems market is evaluated to be 141,366.05 Thousand units in 2015, and is projected to extend 206,430.48 thousand units by 2020, growing at a CAGR of 7.87% during the forecast period.

The two main alternative routes of second generation biofuels are Bio-chemical and Thermo-chemical. Second generation biofuels are expected to be preferable to many of the first generation biofuels in terms of energy balances, greenhouse gas emission reductions, land use compulsion, and competition for land, food, fibre and water. The potential raw material for second-generation biofuels management considered in this study are biomass from crops residues, other non-food energy crops, wood/forestry silt, and jatropha and algae. Advanced energy storage systems assist in maintaining power quality, distribution reliability, energy management, and improvement of grid efficiency.

The UK’s purpose of renewable energy sources is low in comparison to most other European Member States. As a capacity of total energy use, the contribution from renewable authority was 1.5% in 2005 though this had doubled to 3% in 2009. The 2009 Wind Energy Directive sets a target for the UK to achieve 15% of its energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020.The UK NREAP advise that that the 15% target could be reached by achieving contributions from renewables in three essential sectors of around 30% of electricity demand, including 2% from small-scale sources, 12% of heat demand, 10% of transport demand. In 2010, 72% of the pellet manufacturing capacity in Canada was utilised, and 94% of generation, 1.4 million tonnes, was exported, of which 90% to Europe.

Biomass wastes can be transformed into clean energy and/or fuels by a variety of technologies, ranging from conventional combustion process to state-of-the art thermal depolymerisation technology. Biomass waste-to-energy conversion reduces greenhouse gas emissions in two ways. Heat and electrical energy is generated which reduces the dependence on power plants based on fossil fuels. The greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced by preventing methane emissions from landfills. 

Biofuels are previously a small but rapidly growing contributor to the transport fuels market. In 2005, global fuel ethanol manufacture was approximately 36,000 million litres and biodiesel approximately 4,000 million litres. This is sufficient to displace roughly 2% of global gasoline utilization and 0.3% of global diesel consumption. These amounts are modest but growing rapidly. It is typically acknowledged that bioenergy can make a serious contribution in meeting energy security and economic development goals, as well as helping to diminish GHG emissions. Increasing desire of electricity and environmental concerns has put the pressure on countries to increase the focus on renewable energy.

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass occurring in the absence of oxygen. It is the fundamental chemical reaction that is the precursor of both the combustion and gasification processes and occurs naturally in the first two seconds. The products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil and gases including methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Depending on the thermal environment and the final temperature, pyrolysis will yield mainly biochar at low temperatures, less than 450 0C, when the heating rate is quite slow, and mainly gases at high temperatures, greater than 800 0C, with rapid heating rates. At an intermediate temperature and under relatively high heating rates, the main product is bio-oil.

As solid misuse decomposes in landfills, a gas is emitted that is approximately 50% methane (CH4 ) and 50% carbon dioxide (CO2 ), the pair of which are GHGs. LFG energy technologies capture CH4 to prevent it from being emitted to the atmosphere, and can diminish landfill CH4 emissions by between 60% and 90%. This bio methane is 0.2% of total biofuels equipped to road transport, 0.006% of total fuels equipped for road transport (DECC, 2014a), and 0.1% of the 85 PJ of biogas made from landfill sites and the anaerobic digestion of wastes in 2013 (DECC, 2014a). About 85 PJ of biogas were produced in the UK in 2013, and used especially for electricity generation. The welding gas/shielding gas market is projected to fatten from USD 7.17 Billion in 2015 to reach USD 9.46 Billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 5.70%.

Distinctive kinds of biomass have been used as carbon sources in the microbial cultivations under submerged and solid-state fermentations. The interpretation of the soil microbial biomass is the living portion of the soil organic matter, excluding plant roots and soil animals bigger than 5 x 10-3 um3 . The microbial biomass generally comprises approximately 2% of the total organic matter in soil and it may be efficiently dismissed as of minor importance in the soil. The bioburden pilot market is expected to reach $565.6 Million by 2019 from $354.4 Million in 2014, at a CAGR of 9.8% from 2014 to 2019.