13^th Global Summit and Expo on Biomass and Bioenergy September 04-05, 2018 Hilton Zurich Airport, Zurich, Switzerland

Biomass is pre-treated and then transformed to synthesis gas via gasification. The resulting syngas is then cleaned preliminary to conversion to liquid biofuels, typically via Fischer Tropsch or the Mobil process. There are two main biomass-based liquid propellant in the market place today, ethanol and biodiesel. Some 20 Mm 3 y -1 of ethanol is produced with an energy content of 425 PJ, manufacturing this the second most important biofuel. A much smaller amount of biodiesel is used in the USA and Europe. Generally a tonne of cane produces between 125 and 140 kg of raw sugar, or between 70 and 80 litres of ethanol, although a tonne of maize, with about 70% to 75% starch content, will produce between 440 and 460 L t -1 with wet and dry corn crushing, respectively.

Agricultural biomass which could be pre-owned for energy production is defined as biomass residues from field agricultural crops and biomass from the concomitant of the processing of agricultural products. In the last decade, the demand for energy wood in Europe increased and experts anticipate a further increase in future due to socio-political changes. The largest renewable propellant used in Europe is wood which can be used in non-identical forms from sticks to pellets to sawdust. In some countries, like Poland and Finland, wood meets more than 80% of renewable-energy demand. Europe consumed 13m tonnes of wood pellets in 2012, corresponding to International wood Markets Group, a Canadian company.

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass occurring in the absence of oxygen. It is the fundamental chemical reaction that is the precursor of both the combustion and gasification processes and occurs naturally in the first two seconds. The products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil and gases including methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Depending on the thermal environment and the final temperature, pyrolysis will yield mainly biochar at low temperatures, less than 450 0C, when the heating rate is quite slow, and mainly gases at high temperatures, greater than 800 0C, with rapid heating rates. At an intermediate temperature and under relatively high heating rates, the main product is bio-oil.

Biomass power is carbon neutral electricity generated from renewable organic waste that would otherwise be dumped in landfills, openly burned, or left as fodder for forest fires.When burned, the energy in biomass is released as heat. If you have a fireplace, you already are participating in the use of biomass as the wood you burn in it is a biomass fuel.

Bioenergy is conversion of biomass resources such as agricultural and forest residues, organic municipal waste and energy crops to useful energy carriers including heat, electricity and transport fuels. Biomass is increasingly being used for modern applications such as dendro-power, co-generation and Combined Heat and Power generation (CHP). Depending on the resource availability and technical, economic and environmental impact, these can be attractive alternatives to fossil fuel based applications. Bioenergy, a renewable energy resource particularly suitable for electricity, heating & cooling in transport, will be at the core of this sectorial shift in renewable energy production and use and is expected to become the dominant form of RES before 2020.

Production of energy crops could potentially compete for land with food cropping as demand for biomass increases. Biomass customers may be locked in long-term supply contracts with a single supplier making it difficult to get competitive pricing in the future. Alternative impacts are similar to those covered in the District Heating and Combined Heat and Power pages. The non-destructive pilot market is estimated to be valued at USD 12.98 Billion in 2015 and is projected to outstretch USD 18.88 Billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 7.78% from 2014 to 2020.

Biofuels are previously a small but rapidly growing contributor to the transport fuels market. In 2005, global fuel ethanol manufacture was approximately 36,000 million litres and biodiesel approximately 4,000 million litres. This is sufficient to displace roughly 2% of global gasoline utilization and 0.3% of global diesel consumption. These amounts are modest but growing rapidly. It is typically acknowledged that bioenergy can make a serious contribution in meeting energy security and economic development goals, as well as helping to diminish GHG emissions. Increasing desire of electricity and environmental concerns has put the pressure on countries to increase the focus on renewable energy.

The two main alternative routes of second generation biofuels are Bio-chemical and Thermo-chemical. Second generation biofuels are expected to be preferable to many of the first generation biofuels in terms of energy balances, greenhouse gas emission reductions, land use compulsion, and competition for land, food, fibre and water. The potential raw material for second-generation biofuels management considered in this study are biomass from crops residues, other non-food energy crops, wood/forestry silt, and jatropha and algae. Advanced energy storage systems assist in maintaining power quality, distribution reliability, energy management, and improvement of grid efficiency.

Renewable energy is energy that is generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, and various forms of biomass. This energy cannot be exhausted and is constantly renewed. Biomass, is a renewable organic matter, and can include biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms, such as wood, waste, and alcohol fuels.

Biofuels are fuels that can be processed from numerous types of biomass. First generation biofuels are processed from the sugars and vegetable oils formed in arable crops, which can be smoothly extracted applying conventional technology. In comparison, advanced biofuels are made from lignocellulosic biomass or woody crops, agricultural residues or waste, which makes it tougher to extract the requisite fuel. Advanced biofuel technologies have been devised because first generation biofuels manufacture has major limitations. First generation biofuel processes are convenient but restrained in most cases: there is a limit above which they cannot yield enough biofuel without forbidding food supplies and biodiversity. Many first generation biofuels rely on subsidies and are not cost competitive with prevailing fossil fuels such as oil, and some of them yield only limited greenhouse gas emissions savings. When considering emissions from production and transport, life-cycle assessment from first generation biofuels usually approach those of traditional fossil fuels. Advanced biofuels can aid resolving these complications and can impart a greater proportion of global fuel supply affordably, sustainably and with larger environmental interests.

Bioeconomy is understanding mechanisms and methodologies at the genetic and molecular levels and applying this to creating or improving industrial processes. The Bioeconomy comprises those parts of the economy that use renewable biological resources from land and sea – such as crops, forests, fish, animals and micro-organisms – to produce food, materials and energy. It is an essential alternative to the dangers and limitations of our current fossil-based economy and can be considered as the next wave in our economic development. Bioeconomy, bio-based economy, biotechnology refers to all economic activity derived from scientific and research activity focused on biotechnology.

A biorefinery is a center that melds biomass conversion processes and equipment to manufacture fuels, power, heat, and chemicals from biomass. The biorefinery concept is parallel to today's petroleum refinery, which makes various fuels and products from petroleum. Biorefining is the sustainable conversion of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products and bioenergy. By producing various products, a biorefinery takes advantage of the various parts in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value acquired from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for instance, manufacture one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel.  At the same time generating electricity and process heat, by combined heat and power (CHP) technology, for its own use and perhaps adequate for sale of electricity to the local utility. The high-value products boost profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production aids to lower energy costs and minimize greenhouse gas emissions from conventional power plant facilities. Although some facilities prevail that can be called bio-refineries, the bio-refinery has yet to be fully accomplished. Future biorefineries may play a vital role in yielding chemicals and materials that are traditionally extracted from petroleum.

Biodiesel indicates an animal fat-based or vegetable oil diesel fuel comprising of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters. Biodiesel is customarily made by chemically reacting lipids (e.g., soybean oil, vegetable oil, animal fat (tallow)) with an alcohol generating fatty acid esters. Biodiesel is suggested to be utilized in standard diesel engines and is thus well-defined from the vegetable and waste oils used to operate fuel converted diesel engines. Biodiesel can be used singly, or blended with petrodiesel in any proportions. Biodiesel blends can also be utilized as heating oil.