Biomass and Bioenergy

Thermochemical Processes – Pyrolysis & Gasification

Thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis and gasification convert biomass into energy-rich products including syngas, bio-oils, and solid biochar. Pyrolysis operates under oxygen-limited conditions, breaking down complex biomass polymers into liquid and gaseous fractions suitable for fuels and chemicals. Fast, slow, and catalytic pyrolysis methods provide flexibility in product distribution and yield. Gasification generates syngas—a mixture of CO, H₂, and CH₄—used for power generation, synthetic fuel synthesis, and hydrogen production. Innovations in gasifier design, catalyst development, feedstock preparation, and temperature control are enhancing conversion efficiency and reducing tar formation. Integrated systems combining pyrolysis, gasification, and downstream upgrading allow greater value extraction from various feedstocks. These processes offer strong potential for waste valorization, transforming agricultural residues, municipal waste, and forestry byproducts into clean, high-quality energy carriers. Thermochemical technologies support decentralized energy solutions and contribute to the decarbonization of industrial and power sectors, making them essential components of modern bioenergy systems.